H. H. K. Xu and S. Jahanmir, “Effect of Microstructure on Damage Tolerance in Grinding Dental Glass-Ceramics,” Journal of Materials Research, 13(1998) 2231-2236.
This study investigated the modes of grinding-induced subsurface damage in dental glass-ceramics and the influence of microstructure on strength degradation. A series of micaceous glass-ceramics crystallized from the same glass composition were tested. The diameter of the mica platelets in these glass-ceramics was varied via heat treatment. Grinding was performed using three diamond wheels (with diamond particle size of 40, 100, and 180 µm, respectively) at depth of cut ranging from 5 µm to 100 µm. A bonded- interface technique was employed to examine the machining- induced subsurface damage. Relatively large median and lateral cracks were found in the glass-ceramic with the smallest mica platelets. In contrast, no cracks were found in the material containing large mica platelets. The ground specimens were fractured in four-point flexure to measure strength as a function of grinding conditions and mica platelet sizes. The strength of the ground specimens was reduced to approximately 30% of the strength of the polished specimens for the glass- ceramic containing the smallest mica platelets; that of the glass-ceramic with the intermediate mica platelet size was reduced to 60%. In contrast, virtually no strength loss occurred with the glass-ceramic containing large mica platelets. Microstructure was shown to determine the mode and degree of strength-controlling damage in the machining of these dental glass-ceramics. Polishing after grinding removes subsurface damage and recovers strength for the glass-ceramics containing fine mica crystals.